Winston-Salem

The Division of Water Resources (DWR) provides the data contained within this Local Water Supply Plan (LWSP) as a courtesy and service to our customers. DWR staff does not field verify data. Neither DWR, nor any other party involved in the preparation of this LWSP attests that the data is completely free of errors and omissions. Furthermore, data users are cautioned that LWSPs labeled PROVISIONAL have yet to be reviewed by DWR staff. Subsequent review may result in significant revision. Questions regarding the accuracy or limitations of usage of this data should be directed to the water system and/or DWR.

1. System Information

Contact Information

Complete

Water System Name: Winston-Salem   PWSID: 02-34-010
Mailing Address:2800 River Ridge Road
Pfafftown, NC 27040
Ownership:Municipality
 
Contact Person:Alan FowlerTitle:Water Treatment Superintendent
Phone:336-397-7727Cell/Mobile:704-798-2493
 
Secondary Contact:Chris Triplett Phone:336-397-7728
Mailing Address:2800 River Ridge Road
Pfafftown, NC 27040
Cell/Mobile:704-798-2493
Distribution System
Line Type Size Range (Inches) Estimated % of lines
Asbestos Cement 6 0.11 %
Cast Iron 6-48 42.16 %
Ductile Iron 6-48 55.33 %
Galvanized Iron 2 0.03 %
Other 2-58 2.30 %
Polyvinyl Chloride 2-36 0.07 %
What are the estimated total miles of distribution system lines?   2,366 Miles
How many feet of distribution lines were replaced during 2024?   109,535 Feet
How many feet of new water mains were added during 2024?   39,600 Feet
How many meters were replaced in 2024?   55,623
How old are the oldest meters in this system?   55 Year(s)
How many meters for outdoor water use, such as irrigation, are not billed for sewer services?   7,962
What is this system's finished water storage capacity?   51.1500 Million Gallons
Has water pressure been inadequate in any part of the system since last update? Line breaks that were repaired quickly should not be included.   No

On June 8, 2020 the WSFC Utilities Commission approved a project for a fully-automated, two-way, fixed base Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) system. The scope of the project includes the replacement of approximately 130,000 water meters. The installation portion includes the deployment of all required radio network hardware, radio endpoints, and software systems as well as software integrations, testing, training, and other support services. To date, WSFC Utilities has completed the installation of approximately 112,100 meters.

Programs
Does this system have a program to work or flush hydrants?   Yes, As Needed
Does this system have a valve exercise program?   Yes, As Needed
Does this system have a cross-connection program?   Yes
Does this system have a program to replace meters?   Yes
Does this system have a plumbing retrofit program?   No
Does this system have an active water conservation public education program?   No
Does this system have a leak detection program?   Yes

The WSFC Utilities Commission has initiated an Advanced Metering Infrastructure project under which all meters will be replaced with smart devices. This project will establish a network and will outline reporting requirements for the installed system. The project was approved in 2020 and began in 2021 and will span five years to replace all existing meters with AMI capable meters, build the network and develop the reporting.

WSFC Utilities Division has a technical group dedicated to resolving system issues. The program has been developed over the last five years and expanded to improve water quality through flushing in many areas of the system. Routine flushing routes have been developed that get completed on varying frequencies. Seven auto-flushers are currently installed in our distribution system to reduce water age and improve water quality; with another six flushers planned for installation in the upcoming year.

Water Conservation
What type of rate structure is used?   Increasing Block
How much reclaimed water does this system use?   0.0000 MGD   For how many connections?   0
Does this system have an interconnection with another system capable of providing water in an emergency?   Yes

WSFC Utilities Division has ample redundancy due to having three water plants (of which any two are capable of meeting routine system or emergency demands).

In addition, the Thomas Plant can treat raw waters from multiple sources. Due to our location in the region and the relatively small size of adjacent water providers, it is not feasible for our system to receive enough water from neighboring systems. WSFC Utilities can obtain ~1.0 MGD of water from Davidson Water, Inc. in an emergency. Discussions have also been on-going with Davidson Water regarding increased ability for WSFC Utilities to provide them more water during emergencies or water shortages.

2. Water Use Information

Service Area
Sub-Basin(s)% of Service Population
Yadkin River (18-1)91 %
Roanoke River (14-1)6 %
Deep River (02-2)2 %
Haw River (02-1)1 %
County(s)% of Service Population
Forsyth93 %
Stokes7 %
What was the year-round population served in 2024?   388,060
Has this system acquired another system since last report?   No

Our 2024 population served has been updated based on the 2020 Water Facilities Master Plan Projections.

Water Use by Type
Type of Use Metered
Connections
Metered
Average Use (MGD)
Non-Metered
Connections
Non-Metered
Estimated Use (MGD)
Residential 133,374 16.3400 6 0.0000
Commercial 11,370 10.2300 2,333 0.0000
Industrial 95 4.8500 236 0.0000
Institutional 633 1.0600 165 0.0000

How much water was used for system processes (backwash, line cleaning, flushing, etc.)?   0.9600 MGD

In the WSFC Utilities System, residential and commercial meters are grouped in a single billing category. Apartments where units are metered separately are classified as residential, whereas units that are master metered are classified as commercial. Our institutional class includes government facilities.

Non-metered connections listed above include hydrant and sprinkler connections. Non-metered usage figures are not available.

Starting in 2017 calendar year, WSFC Utilities made a concerted effort to capture as much unbilled metered water as possible through newly implemented tracking measures. Due to the absence of well validated data, WSFC Utilities and the recommended AWWA default value of 1.25 percent of system supplied water for unbilled unmetered consumption.

Water Sales
Purchaser PWSID Average
Daily Sold
(MGD)
Days
Used
Contract Required to
comply with water
use restrictions?
Pipe Size(s)
(Inches)
Use
Type
MGD Expiration Recurring
City of Greensboro 02-41-010 0.0000 0 3.0000 2032 Yes Yes 24 Emergency
City of King 02-85-010 0.0000 0 3.0000 2030 Yes Yes 16 Emergency
Davidson Water, Inc. 02-29-025 0.0049 366 1.0000 2030 Yes Yes 6,2,6 Regular
Stokes County Water - Sewer Au 02-85-025 0.1200 365 1.0000 2050 Yes Yes 6, 2 Regular
Town of Stokesdale 02-41-035 0.1800 365 0.5000 2050 Yes Yes 12 Regular
Yadkin County - East Bend 30-99-034 0.0500 365 2.0000 2033 Yes Yes 8 Regular

In 2022, WSFC Utilities and Stokes County updated the intergovernmental agreement with an increase in allocation from 0.2 MGD to 1.0 MGD and extended the contract until 2050.

In 2023, WSFC Utilities and the Town of Stokesdale updated the intergovernmental agreement with an increase in allocation from 0.3 MGD to 0.5 MGD and extended the contract until 2050.

In 2024, WSFC Utilities and the Town of Oak Ridge signed an Interlocal Water Services Agreement to provide water at an initial allocation of 0.35 MGD for a 30-year contract term. The Town is currently pursuing infrastructure development to utilize the agreement.

WSFC Utilities has a connection with the City of King that has not been used.

3. Water Supply Sources

Monthly Withdrawals & Purchases
Average Daily
Use (MGD)
Max Day
Use (MGD)
Average Daily
Use (MGD)
Max Day
Use (MGD)
Average Daily
Use (MGD)
Max Day
Use (MGD)
Jan 35.1000 49.1000 May 37.5000 56.2000 Sep 38.5000 58.8000
Feb 36.6000 57.8000 Jun 43.0000 54.2000 Oct 41.5000 57.8000
Mar 34.1000 48.5000 Jul 42.9000 56.2000 Nov 36.3000 42.7000
Apr 38.5000 61.1000 Aug 41.1000 52.8000 Dec 35.6000 58.6000

Surface Water Sources
Stream Reservoir Average Daily Withdrawal Maximum Day
Withdrawal (MGD)
Available Raw
Water Supply
Usable On-Stream
Raw Water Supply
Storage (MG)
MGD Days Used MGD * Qualifier
Salem Creek Salem Lake 1.9000 366 7.7000 10.0000 SY50 1,000.0000
Yadkin River @ Idols RWPS W. Kerr-Scott 21.0000 366 28.9000 73.0000 F 3,000.0000
Yadkin River @ Swann RWPS W. Kerr Scott 15.5000 353 40.2000 50.0000 F 3,000.0000

* Qualifier: C=Contract Amount, SY20=20-year Safe Yield, SY50=50-year Safe Yield, F=20% of 7Q10 or other instream flow requirement, CUA=Capacity Use Area Permit

Surface Water Sources (continued)
Stream Reservoir Drainage Area
(sq mi)
Metered? Sub-Basin County Year
Offline
Use
Type
Salem Creek Salem Lake 64 Yes Yadkin River (18-1) Forsyth Regular
Yadkin River @ Idols RWPS W. Kerr-Scott 1,945 Yes Yadkin River (18-1) Forsyth Regular
Yadkin River @ Swann RWPS W. Kerr Scott 1,495 Yes Yadkin River (18-1) Forsyth Regular
What is this system's off-stream raw water supply storage capacity?   180 Million gallons
Are surface water sources monitored?   Yes, Daily
Are you required to maintain minimum flows downstream of its intake or dam?   Yes
Does this system anticipate transferring surface water between river basins?   Yes

Below are the minimum flows and conditions our system must maintain in Salem Creek downstream of Salem Lake Dam.

Tier 1: From normal pool elevation 795.6 feet MSL to 794.6 feet MSL, the minimum release shall be 1.55 (one and 55 one-hundredths) CFS and water supply withdrawal is not limited.

Tier 2: From elevation 794.6 feet MSL to 793.6 feet MSL, the minimum release shall be 1.33 (one and 33 one-hundredths) CFS and the water supply withdrawal shall be reduced by at least 10% from the average daily withdrawal over the previous 60 (sixty) days.

Tier 3: Below elevation 793.6 feet MSL, the minimum release shall be 1.10 (one and one tenth) CFS and the water supply withdrawal shall be reduced by at least 20% from the average daily withdrawal over the previous 60 (sixty) days.

The City of Winston-Salem also owns the rights to the top 30 feet of storage at the W. Kerr-Scott Reservoir located in Wilkes County. This source is linked to conditions in the Yadkin River. Available withdrawal from the Yadkin River is limited to 50 MGD, on a 30 day running average, from all intakes when the flow at Idols Dam staff gauge falls below 554 CFS due to downstream discharges by the Citys Muddy Creek WWTP. During these low flow periods, withdrawals in excess of 50 MGD (on a 30 day running average) will require water supply releases from W. Kerr-Scott Reservoirs conservation pool. The additional releases, according to our permit, must equal or exceed the amount in excess of 50 MGD.

Off stream raw water storage includes: one 50 MG reservoir & one 100 MG reservoir at Swann WTP, and two 15 MG reservoirs at Neilson WTP.

Due to the geography of our service area we transfer water to the Haw and Roanoke basins. This is limited mostly to residential customers that purchase our systems water but have septic systems for wastewater handling and users that have irrigation systems. Our system also occasionally sells water to Greensboro which is an interbasin transfer into the Cape Fear River Basin.

Water Purchases From Other Systems
Seller PWSID Average
Daily Purchased
(MGD)
Days
Used
Contract Required to
comply with water
use restrictions?
Pipe Size(s)
(Inches)
Use
Type
MGD Expiration Recurring
Davidson Water Company 02-29-025 0.0000 0 1.0000 2030 Yes Yes 6,8 Emergency
Water Treatment Plants
Plant Name Permitted Capacity
(MGD)
Is Raw Water Metered? Is Finished Water Ouput Metered? Source
P.W. Swann WTP 25.0000 Yes Yes Yadkin River @ Swann RWPS Dam
R. A. Thomas WTP 18.0000 Yes Yes Salem Lake and/or Yadkin River via Neilson WTP
R. W. Neilson WTP 48.0000 Yes Yes Yadkin River @ Idols Dam
Did average daily water production exceed 80% of approved plant capacity for five consecutive days during 2024?  No
     If yes, was any water conservation implemented?  No
Did average daily water production exceed 90% of approved plant capacity for five consecutive days during 2024?  No
     If yes, was any water conservation implemented?  No
Are peak day demands expected to exceed the water treatment plant capacity in the next 10 years?  No

The Neilson Water Treatment Plant Rehabilitation Project was bid in the spring of 2021 and a construction contract was awarded to Ulliman-Schutte Construction (USC) by the Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities Commission (WSFC Utilities). Notice to proceed was issued shortly after and began mobilizing in October 2021. To date, USC has completed a substantial portion of Phase 2 (of 3) which includes the renovation of the Neilson 3 and 4 treatment trains, including the addition of a Wash water Equalization Basin and Clarifier for residuals management. It is anticipated Neilson 3 and 4 trains will be placed into service in the spring of 2025. During this phase of the project the Neilson WTP has been operating at 50% (24.0 MGD) capacity.

According to our current Master Plan, which includes predictions through 2045, we do not anticipate exceeding our three water plants capacity during the next 10 years (or during the period of our master planning horizon).

4. Wastewater Information

Monthly Discharges
Average Daily
Discharge (MGD)
Average Daily
Discharge (MGD)
Average Daily
Discharge (MGD)
Jan 42.9725 May 36.3792 Sep 35.7871
Feb 37.7629 Jun 31.7533 Oct 32.6967
Mar 39.6630 Jul 31.7940 Nov 31.5951
Apr 35.1660 Aug 38.7846 Dec 34.0060

How many sewer connections does this system have?   106,815
How many water service connections with septic systems does this system have?   30,728
Are there plans to build or expand wastewater treatment facilities in the next 10 years?   No

in 2023, there was a major explosion at our Biosolids Drying Facility due to a natural gas leak, located at the Archie Elledge Wastewater Facility. As a result, the facility will be out of service in the years to come and all residuals are being transported to the Hanes Mill Landfill for disposal.

Wastewater Permits
Permit Number Type Permitted Capacity
(MGD)
Design Capacity
(MGD)
Average Annual
Daily Discharge
(MGD)
Maximum Day Discharge
(MGD)
Receiving Stream Receiving Basin
NC0037834 WWTP 30.0000 60.0000 21.0900 60.0000 Salem Creek Yadkin River (18-1)
NC0050342 WWTP 21.0000 43.0000 13.7300 54.9000 Yadkin River Yadkin River (18-1)
NC0086011 WTP 48.0000 48.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Unnamed Trib. to Muddy Creek Yadkin River (18-1)
NCG590003 WTP 25.0000 25.0000 0.4486 2.2100 Tributary of Bashavia Creek Yadkin River (18-1)
NCG590044 WTP 18.0000 18.0000 0.3000 1.7600 Unnamed trib to Salem Creek Yadkin River (18-1)
WQ0029804 WWTP 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Land App of Class A Biosolids Yadkin River (18-1)
WQ0031314 WTP 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Land App WTP Residuals Yadkin River (18-1)

The Neilson WTP NC0086011 has been an active permit since issued, however, the plant currently does not discharge (all the wash water is currently recycled back to the raw water reservoirs). As part of the scope of Neilson Modernization Project a wash water equalization basin and clarifier have been constructed in 2023 for residuals management. Initial startup of the waste treatment equipment is anticipated in the spring of 2025 at which time the associated permit will become active.

Thomas WTP (formerly NC0079821) applied and received a new General Permit (NCG590044) in 2024.

Permits WQ0029804 and WQ0031314 are Land Application Permits for Class A Residuals for the wastewater biosolids facility and water treatment facilities, respectively.

Wastewater Interconnections
Water System PWSID Type Average Daily Amount Contract
Maximum (MGD)
MGD Days Used
City of King 02-85-010 Receiving 0.5700 365 3.0000
Davidson Water 02-29-025 Receiving 0.1800 365 1.5000
Davie County 02-30-015 Receiving 0.5000 365 5.0000

WSFC Utilities has increased the sewer allocation for the City of King from 0.97 MGD to 3.0 MGD.

5. Planning

Projections
  2024 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070
Year-Round Population 388,060 401,000 453,000 505,000 557,000 629,410
Seasonal Population 0 0 0 0 0 0
 
Residential 16.3400 19.3170 20.8380 22.7250 25.0650 27.5715
Commercial 10.2300 11.2300 12.6800 14.1400 15.6000 17.1600
Industrial 4.8500 8.0200 9.0600 10.1000 11.1400 12.2540
Institutional 1.0600 1.4890 1.6060 1.7510 1.9310 2.1241
System Process 0.9600 2.2000 2.4000 2.6000 2.8000 3.0800
Unaccounted-for 4.0556 5.1184 5.6426 6.2158 6.8481 7.5329
Demand v/s Percent of Supply
  2024 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070
Surface Water Supply 133.0000 133.0000 133.0000 133.0000 133.0000 133.0000
Ground Water Supply 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Purchases 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Future Supplies 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total Available Supply (MGD) 133.0000 133.0000 133.0000 133.0000 133.0000 133.0000
Service Area Demand 37.4956 47.3744 52.2266 57.5318 63.3841 69.7225
Sales 0.3539 4.5000 4.5000 4.5000 4.5000 4.5000
Future Sales 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total Demand (MGD) 37.8495 51.8744 56.7266 62.0318 67.8841 74.2225
Demand as Percent of Supply 28% 39% 43% 47% 51% 56%

The purpose of the above chart is to show a general indication of how the long-term per capita water demand changes over time. The per capita water demand may actually be different than indicated due to seasonal populations and the accuracy of data submitted. Water systems that have calculated long-term per capita water demand based on a methodology that produces different results may submit their information in the notes field.

Your long-term water demand is 42 gallons per capita per day. What demand management practices do you plan to implement to reduce the per capita water demand (i.e. conduct regular water audits, implement a plumbing retrofit program, employ practices such as rainwater harvesting or reclaimed water)? If these practices are covered elsewhere in your plan, indicate where the practices are discussed here.    No Changes

Are there other demand management practices you will implement to reduce your future supply needs?   According to our current projections our system has sufficient capacity into the foreseeable future. We are participating in regional planning efforts as outlined below to develop basin wide tools to assist our system in developing long term plans to meet our community's needs.

What supplies other than the ones listed in future supplies are being considered to meet your future supply needs?   Our system is an active member of the Yadkin Pee Dee Water Management Group (YPDWMG). This group is a consortium of water systems and reservoir operators that draw from the Yadkin Pee Dee River watershed or have a vested interest through interbasin transfers in its long term viability. As part of an active Water Resources Plan, the YPDWMG has completed long term demand projections, developed a communications plan, formed a Stakeholder Advisory Group and identified approximately 13 long term planning scenarios to evaluate. The YPDWMG has also partnered with NC DEQ on the development of the OASIS model. Using this model, the association has modeled for 9 different scenarios based on: climate change, agricultural predictions, policy shifts, industrial needs, and public behavioral shifts. The association plans to continue to model for future scenarios in the years to come to develop strategies to plan for and meet future demands.

How does the water system intend to implement the demand management and supply planning components above?   We are participating in regional planning efforts as outlined to develop basin wide tools to assist our system in developing long term plans to meet our community's needs.

Additional Information

Has this system participated in regional water supply or water use planning?  Yes, Yes, The City of Winston-Salem is an active member of the Yadkin-Pee Dee Water Management Group (YPDWMG) which was formed through a collaborative effort of 19 public water utilities and reservoir operators providing service within the Yadkin-Pee Dee Basin. The discussions began in 2015 and progressed to the formation of a formal group operating under a MOU in 2016. A 501c(3) was established for the group in 2023 allowing the association to establish permanence and pursue grants and fundings for future projects. In 2024, the group completed several tasks, including the award of a NC LWF grant, which will aide in developing a basin wide master plan ensuring the viability of our raw water resource for future generations.

YPDWMG provides a structure for regional collaboration and coordination between users of this resource and explore mutually beneficial ways to protect and develop our water supply. Regional collaboration by our water supply managers is a one step towards our goal of enhancing the welfare of Yadkin-Pee Dee residents by jointly planning for the sustainable use of water from the Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basin.

What major water supply reports or studies were used for planning?  -City of Winston-Salem 2018 Wastewater System Master Plan Update by Black & Veatch.
-City of Winston-Salem 2020 Water Facilities Master Plan by HDR Engineering, Inc.
-City of Winston-Salem 2022 Distribution System Master Plan by HDR Engineering, Inc

Please describe any other needs or issues regarding your water supply sources, any water system deficiencies or needed improvements (storage, treatment, etc.) or your ability to meet present and future water needs. Include both quantity and quality considerations, as well as financial, technical, managerial, permitting, and compliance issues:    In 2016, WSFC Utilities started a project to upgrade the Neilson WTP. This is the third major plant upgrade project the city has embarked upon to upgrade our production facilities and position our system to meet the needs of our citizens for the next 50 years. Design for this project has been completed and the project was bid in 2021 after the city secured additional funds through the North Carolina State Revolving Funds Program. The project was awarded to the successful low bidder, Ulliman Schutte Construction Company (USC), and construction began in the summer of 2021. The construction phase of this project is anticipated to be completed in approximately 4 years.

To date, USC has completed a substantial portion of Phase 2 (of 3) which includes the renovation of the Neilson 3 and 4 treatment trains. Work completed to date includes the addition of a wash water equalization basin and clarifier for residuals management. It is anticipated Neilson 3 and 4 trains will be placed into service in the spring of 2025. During this phase of the project the Neilson Plant has been operating at 50% (24 MGD) capacity.

The Division of Water Resources (DWR) provides the data contained within this Local Water Supply Plan (LWSP) as a courtesy and service to our customers. DWR staff does not field verify data. Neither DWR, nor any other party involved in the preparation of this LWSP attests that the data is completely free of errors and omissions. Furthermore, data users are cautioned that LWSPs labeled PROVISIONAL have yet to be reviewed by DWR staff. Subsequent review may result in significant revision. Questions regarding the accuracy or limitations of usage of this data should be directed to the water system and/or DWR.